Journal of Advanced Materials (JAM)
Contents
Volume 9, No. 1, 2002
V.V. Stolyarov and R.Z. Valiev
A.O. Komarov, A.I. Sazonov, N.A. Kozlovskaya, S.V. Zezin, V.S. Kruglov, N.A. Chernoplekov, I.I. Akimov, B.P. Mikhailov, V.F. Shamrai
V.I. Kukuev, E.S. Rembeza and M.Kh. Dzhadua
A.V. Kabyshev and F.V. Konusov
V.N. Bagratashvili, Yu.S. Zavorotny, V.K. Popov, A.O. Rybaltovskii, S.I. Tsypina and P.V. Chernov
Kh.S. Bagdasarov and L.A. Goryainov
I.B. Rozanova, E.A. Nemets, O.S. Polukhina, I.A. Titushkin, A.M. Podurets, M.E. Buzoverya, M.Yu. Sidorkin, D.L. Zagorskii and V.I. Sevast'yanov
V.N. Arisova and A.F. Trudov
G.A. Pribytkov, I.V. Polev and V.G. Durakov
O.L. Khasanov, V.M. Sokolov, E.S. Dvilis and Yu.P. Pokholkov
V.N. Antsiferov and L.M. Grevnov
A.V. Gropyanov and V.M. Gropyanov
N.N. Syutkin
Contents
Volume 9, No. 1, 2002Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1) 5–11
Examination and application of nanostructured alloys produced by highintensity plastic deformation
A number of modelling and industrial alloys based on iron, aluminium and titanium were used to examine special features of the structure and phase transitions in the process of highintensity plastic deformation and heating. It is shown that in the nanostructured condition the alloys show increased strength, high-temperature superplasticity and also record values of coercive force. Special features of production and some directions of practical application of nanostructured materials are examined.
V.V. Stolyarov
Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials at the UGATU (Ufa), Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chief Scientist. Expert in the area of nanostructured materials and physicomechanical properties.
R.Z. Valiev
Director of the Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials at the UGATU (Ufa), Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences, expert in the physics of plasticity and superplasticity, technology of production of nanostructured materials.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1) 12–22
Physical-chemical principles of the development of the current-carrying structure of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8–x in single and multistrand conductors
The article describes the method of injection of a melt, heated to 110–1200 °C, into silver tubular containers. The conditions of amorphisation of the melt and subsequent crystallisation of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8–x compound, alloyed with potassium, are determined. Single and 19-strand conductors with a diameter of 1 mm and in the form of strip (0.15- 0.2) × (1.5 × 4.5) mm2 have been produced. The formation of the current-carrying centre on the basis of 2212 phase was carried out by the method of isothermal crystallisation of the amorphous cermet material (IMP), the main structure-formation stages and temperature–time conditions of treatment have been determined. The experimental results show that the proposed technology results in high density of the Bi(2212)-core and the regular geometrical dimensions of the core the shell in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The application of the IMP method has made it possible to produce values of Ic of up to 1 × 105 A/cm2 (4.2 K, 0 T), 6 × 103 A/cm2 (4.2 K, 14 T) and 4× 105 A/cm2 (77 K, 0 T).
Aleksandr Olegovich Komarov
Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technical University), Candidate of Technical Sciences, Chief Scientist, expert in materials science of HTSC
Aleksei Ivanovich Sazonov
Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technical University), Scientific worker, expert in materials science of HTSC
Natal'ya Aleksandrovna Kozlovskaya
Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technical University), Candidate of Physico-Mathematical Sciences, Senior Scientist, expert in x-ray diffraction analysis
Sergei Valentinovich Zezin
Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys (Technical University), postgraduate, expert in materials science of HTSC
Vitalii Sergeevich Kruglov
Institute of Superconductivity and Physics of Solid State at the Kurchatovskii Institute Russian Scientific Centre, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Chief Scientist; expert in superconductivity and materials science of superconductors
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1) 23-28
The nature of variation of the electrical conductivity of sensor layers based on tin dioxide
The examination of the electrical conductivity of the sensor layers based on tin dioxide was carried out in the temperature range from room temperature to the working temperatures of gas sensors. The effect of the microstructure and different types of impurity on the electrical conductivity of SnO2 films is demonstrated and is characterised by the planar network of random barriers for the passage of current with a period corresponding to the grain size of the film. Special attention is given to examine the effect of different donor gases on the nature of electrical conductivity of SnO2 layers. The dependence of electrical conductivity on the partial pressure of the gas is described by the formula ó~APâ. The quantitative evaluation of parameter â, associated with different changes of the state of the intergranular boundaries and the surface of films of tin dioxide, was carried out.
Vyacheslav Ivanovich Kukuev
Voronezh State University, a professor. Expert in the physics and chemistry of thin films and surface
Ekaterina Stanislavovna Rembeza
Voronezh State University, Senior Scientist Expert in the physics of thin films and surfaces
Munir Hlail Dzhadua
Voronezh State University, a postgraduate, Expert in the physics of thin films and surfaces
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1) 29–40
Effect of radiation defects and their complexes on the optical absorption of polycrystalline aluminium oxide
The implantation of ions and subsequent heat treatment make it possible to produce, on the surface of dielectrics, a semiconductor layer with the electrical conductivity controllable in the range 10–15–10–4 Sm. A correlation is determined between the degree of modification of the conductivity of polycrystalline corundum and the energy parameters, the characteristics of absorbing ‘monoenergetic’ levels of radiation defects, the parameters of impurity–vacancy complexes, strongly cooperating in the subzone of states. The effect of the type of ions and of the fluence of the ions on the parameters of the state of the defects, localised in the forbidden band, and on the nature of electronic transition, is studied. The contributions of the defect formation and chemical interaction of the implanted elements with the atoms of the lattice to induced absorption are separated. The most probable nature of the clusters is determined on the basis of substitutional defects and impurity–vacancy complexes.
Alexandr Vasil'evich Kabyshev
Scientific Research Institute of High Voltages of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Chief Scientific Worker. Expert in the area of physics of dielectrics and surface phenomena.
Fedor Valer'evich Konusov
Scientific Research Institute of High Voltages of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, Candidate of Physical- Mathematical Sciences, Senior Scientist. Expert in optical and thermally activated spectroscopy of solids.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
41–47
Modification of
the optical properties of nanoporous glasses by the method of supercritical
impregnation
The authors show the possibility of efficient
modification of nanoporous glasses by impregnation in them of molecular
compounds of different type (metal-organic compounds of erbium and copper, and
also the molecules of an organic dye) by means of supercritical carbon dioxide
(sc-CO2) and also by subsequent annealing. The methods of optical and EPR
spectroscopy were used to determine the concentration of Er3+ and Cu2+ ions,
impregnated in nanoporous glasses. The results show that in supercritical
impregnation of metal-organic compounds the resultant concentration of ions is
considerably higher (by an order of magnitude or more) than when using the
liquid solvent. In the case of supercritical impregnation of nanoporous glass
with the dye, the absence of the solvent in the pore in the vicinity of the
molecule of the dye directly affects its fluorescence spectrum.
Viktor
Nikolaevich Bagratashvili
Institute of Problems of Laser Information
Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Doctor of
Physics-Mathematical Sciences, Head of the Section. Expert in nuclear physics,
chemistry and medicine, laser atomic-molecular technology.
Yurii
Stanislavovich Zaborotny
Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear
Physics, Moscow State University, Scientific Worker. Expert in the area of
spectroscopy and photochemistry of quartz glass.
Vladimir Karpovich
Popov
Institute of Problems of Laser Information Technology of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Physical Mathematical Sciences,
Senior Scientist. Expert in the area of supercritical media.
Alexei
Ol'gerodovich Rybaltovskii
Institute of Problems of Laser Information
Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Physical
Mathematical Sciences, Senior Scientist. Expert in the area of radiation
physics.
Svetlana Ivanovna Tsypina
Institute of Problems of Laser
Information Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of
Physical Mathematical Sciences, Senior Scientist. Expert in the area of the
spectroscopy and photochemistry of quartz glass.
Pavel Vladimirovich
Chernov
Scientific Research Insitute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State
University, Candidate of Physical-Mathematical Sciences, Senior Scientist.
Expert in spectroscopy of transparent dielectrics.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
48–55, 2002
Growth of
refractory dielectric single crystals by vertical directional
crystallisation
Kh.S. Bagdasarov and L.A.
Goryainov
Investigations were carried out into the method of vertical
directional crystallisation (VDC) of the melt and application for the growth of
refractory dielectric single crystals with a perfect structure. A mathematical
model of heat and mass transfer for VDC is presented as a partial case of the
model of the generalised cycle of directional crystallisation of the melt. The
model takes into account different densities of the crystal and the melt, the
dependence of the density on temperature, and also the introduction of mass
sources. On the basis of the calculations carried out using the proposed
programs, recommendations are presented for increasing the productivity of
growth systems and decreasing the production cost of grown single
crystals.
Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A Professor and Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences. Expert in the area of high temperature crystallisation.
Leonid Alekseevich Goryainov
Moscow State University of Communications, A Professor and Candidate of Technical Sciences. Expert in the area of thermal engineering and processes of heat and mass exchange in single crystal growth.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
56–60, 2002
Experimental
examination of the density of liquid sodium–cesium alloys at high
temperatures
The pycnometric method was used to measure the density of molten
sodium–cesium melts at temperatures of 295–1073 K. The purity of the
individual initial alkali metals, used for the preparation of these alloys, was
greater than 99.99 mass%, and the total content of metallic and gas impurities
was not higher than 1 × 10–2 mass%. The fiducial error of the
experiments did not exceed 0.15%. Statistical regression analysis is carried
out of the results of measurements and approximation equations were derived for
the density of liquid sodium–cesium alloys in the examined temperature
range. The RMS deviation of the experimental points from these equations was
+0.05%.
Ivan Ivanovich Novikov
Institute of Metallurgy and
Material Science, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Consultant of the
Russian Academy of Sciences. Specialist in the area of thermodynamics,
thermophysics and solid state physics.
Eval'd Emil'evich
Shpil'rain
Joint Institute of High Temperatures, Russian Academy of
Sciences, Director of the Department, Corresponding Member of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, a Professor, Head of the Section. Expert in the area of
thermodynamics, thermophysics and energy sources, methods of energy
conversion.
Vitalii Anatol'evich Fomin
Joint Institute of High
Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, a Candidate of Technical Sciences,
Chief Scientific Institute Scientist. Expert in the area of thermophysics,
molecular physics and laser physics.
Sergei Nikolaevich Skoborodko
Joint Institute of High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, a
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Scientist, Head of a Section. Expert in
the area of thermophysics, molecular physics and material science.
Aleksandr Gerasimovich Mozgovoi
Joint Institute of High Temperatures,
Russian Academy of Sciences, a Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior
Scientist. Expert in the area of thermophysics, molecular physics and energy
sources, methods of energy conversion.
Aleksei Ivanovich
Chernov
Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science, Senior Scientist.
Expert in thermophysics, molecular physics and physical acoustics.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
61–69, 2002
Effect of
technological stages on the physicalchemical and biocompatible properties of
intraocular lenses made of leucosapphire
Investigations were
carried out into the technology of production of intraocular lenses (IOL) made
of leucosapphire with different crystallographic directions of the
biocompatible properties of specimens. The energy properties of specimens, the
topography of the surface of the specimens and dislocation density were
determined. The method of complete internal reflection was used to examine the
nature of adsorption of plasma whites, scanning electron microscopy was used
investigated the amount and morphology of adhesed trombocytes. The effect of
the individual technological stages on the topography of the surface of the
specimens was examined. A high dislocation density was recorded for disks with
the (101) crystallographic direction resulting in a large increase of the
energy heterogeneity of the surface of the disks and reflected in a large
amount of irreversible adsorbed white. The specimens are also characterised by
a large number of adhesed strongly activated trombocytes (completely flattened
and aggregates). Detailed investigations of the effect of technology of the
functional properties of the intraocular lenses have made it possible to find
specimens with the (100) crystallographic direction as most promising for the
preparation of intraocular lenses from leucosapphire.
Irina Borisovna
Rozanova
The Centre for examination of hemocompatible materials for
artificial organs, The Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs of
the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Moscow), Doctor of biological
sciences, Chief scientific worker, an expert in the area of biomaterial
science.
Evgenni Abramovich Nemets
The Centre for Examination of
hemocompatible materials for artificial organs, The Institute of
Transplantology and Artificial Organs of the Ministry of Health of the Russian
Federation (Moscow), Candidate of biological sciences, Senior scientific
worker, an expert in the area of modification of the surface of biomaterials in
order to increase their hemocompatibility.
Olga Sergeevna Polukhina
The Centre for Examination of hemocompatible materials for artificial
organs, The Institute of Transplantology and Artifical Organs of the Ministry
of Health of the Russian Federation (Moscow), A post-graduate student.
Igor Anatol'evich Titushkin
The Centre for Examination of
hemocompatible materials for artificial organs, The Institute of
Transplantology and Artifical Organs of the Ministry of Health of the Russian
Federation (Moscow), A post-graduate student.
Aleksei Mikhailovich
Podurets
Russian Federal Nuclear Centre, Scientific Research Institute
of Experimental Physics (Sarov), Candidate of physical-mathematical sciences,
head of a section, an expert in material science.
Marina Eduardovna
Buzoverya
Russian Federal Nuclear Centre, Scientific Research Institute
of Experimental Physics (Sarov), Senior scientist, an expert in the technology
of special materials.
Mikhail Yur'evich Sidorkin
Russian Federal
Nuclear Centre, Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (Sarov),
Senior scientist, an expert in metal science.
Dmitrii L'vovich
Zagorskii
Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences
(Moscow), Senior scientist, an expert in crystallography.
Viktor
Ivanovich Sevast'yanov
The Centre for Examination of hemocompatible
materials for artificial organs, The Institute of Transplantology and Artifical
Organs of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Moscow), Doctor of
biological sciences, a Head of a department, Moscow Physical-technological
Institute, Department of the Physics of Linear Systems, Professor, an expert in
biomaterial science.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
70–75, 2002
Examination
of ultrafine electrically conducting carbon materials
In
order to explain the possibilities of protection of high-voltage elements of
energy systems against the dispersion of carbon particles in the atmosphere,
investigations were carried out into the physical–chemical properties of a
wide range of carbon materials and the strength of the effect of these
materials is evaluated, i.e. the individual effect and the effect in the
composition of adhesion bonding substances, on the high-voltage elements in
the
Petr Ivanovich Zolkin
Scientific Research Institute of
Graphite (Moscow), Doctor of technical sciences, Head of a section, an expert
in physics and chemistry of carbon.
Evgeniya Mikhailovna
Cherednik
Scientific Research Institute of Graphite (Moscow), Senior
scientist, an expert in the area of the surface properties and reactivity of
carbon materials.
Elena Gennad'evna Cheblakova
Scientific
Research Institute of Graphite (Moscow), Senior scientist, Candidate of
technical sciences, Head of a laboratory, an expert in spectral and x-ray
fluoresence analysis of carbon materials.
Anatolii Semenovich
Korachkov
Scientific Research Institute of Elastomer Materials and
Components (Moscow), Doctor of technical sciences, Professor, Head of a
laboratory, an expert in electrical engineering.
Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Ganzha
Scientific Research Institute of Elastomer Materials and
Components (Moscow), Candidate of technical sciences, Head of a section, an
expert in electrical engineering.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
76–79, 2002
The
structure and properties of an antifriction material, produced by pressing
powder of nickel-plated graphite
The results are presented
of investigations of the material of pressing of nickel-plated graphite powder
(graphite flakes, coated with a nickel shell); antifriction components produced
from this materials, for example, end seals, are capable of working at high
friction rates, high loads, in corrosive media and at elevated temperatures. It
is shown to be possin;e to produce components of different standard dimensions
with high density, hardness and strength. The anisotropy of the properties,
associated with the distribution and shape of powder particles, is
investigated. The results of examination of the changes of the properties of
the produced material after annealing are presented.
Vera Nikolaevna
Arisova
Volgograd State Technical University, Candidate of Technology and
Technical Sciences, Associated Professor. Expert in metals science.
Anatolii Fedorovich Trudov
Volgograd State Technical University,
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associated Professor. Expert in powder
metallurgy.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
80–86, 2002
Cermets and
electron beam coatings of the titanium carbide–binder system from
highchromium cast iron
Investigations were carried out
into the effect of modification of the structure of high-Cr white cast iron by
additions of disperse powder titanium carbide in sintering and electron beam
surfacing. The largest refining of the structure, accompanied by an increase of
hardness, is recorded for hypoeutectic cast iron. The highest hardness is shown
by sintered titanium carbide–high-Cr cast iron composites. The relatively
lower hardness of deposited composite coatins of the same composition is
explained by vacuum purification of the surfacing pool removing interstitial
impurities.
Gennadii Andreevich Pribytkov
Institute of Physics of
Strength and Material Science of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, Candidate of Physical-Mathematical Sciences, Head of Laboratory.
Expert in metal science, powder metallurgy and coating.
Igor'
Viktorovich Polev
Institute of Physics of Strength and Material Science
of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Worker.
Expert in metal science and coating.
Vasilii Grigor'evich Durakov
Institute of Physics of Strength and Material Science of the Siberian
Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Technical Sciences,
Scientific Worker. Expert in metal science and coating.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
87–96, 2002
Ultrasound
technology of production of structural and functional
nanoceramics
The authors described the development of the
method of dry ultrasound pressing of ceramic nanopowders which makes it
possible decrease the density gradient in the volume of the pressings of
complicated geometry and retain the nanostructure of the pressings, ensure
sintering of sintered ceramics with the grains approximately 10–100 nm in
size, and with high mechanical and functional properties. A single-parameter
equation of pressing of ceramic nanopowders, which takes into account the
elastic properties of the nanopowders, and makes it possible to determine the
main parameters of dry pressing (dimensionless moduli of resistance of the
powder body to compacting, the speed of sound in the powder body, Poisson
coefficient, the coefficient of internal near-wall pressure, lateral pressure,
equal density of the pressing along the pressing axis; the elastic aftereffect
along height and diameter) is easy derived. Using the method of ultrasound
pressing of nanopowders together with the available methods of finishing
ultrasound treatment of ceramics, it is possible to realise economical
technology of production of components made of nanoceramics.
Oleg Leonidovich Khasanov
Tomsk Polytechnical
University, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Director of the
Spektr Scientific Research Centre. Expert in the area of material science of
ultrafine materials.
Vitalii Mikhailovich Sokolov
Tomsk
Polytechnical University, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Scientist of
the Spektr Scientific Research Centre. Expert in the area of ultrasound
technology.
Edgar Sergeevich Dvilis
Tomsk Polytechnical
University, Scientist at the Spektr Scientific Research Centre. Expert in the
area of ultrasound treatment of materials.
Yurii Petrovich Pokholkov
Tomsk Polytechnical University, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Rector of
the EPU. Expert in the area of materials science of electrical engineering
materials.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9
(1)97–100, 2002
Synthesis of fullerene-containing phases in an iron–cast
iron powder composition
Investigations were carried out into
the formation of fullerene-containing phases in the process of sintering an
iron–cast iron powder composition. The experimental results show that the
highest rate of synthesis of the fullerene-containing phases is recorded in
liquidphase sintering in the two-stage regime with holding in the first and
second stage for 45 minutes, respectively. The results show that the lattice
spacing of metallofullerite FexC60 increases with increase of the sintering
time. The synthesis of fullerene-containing phases is more rapid in specimens
of lower density. The results show that the sintering process is accompanied by
the formation of particles of fullerene-containing phases having both the
spherical and multifaceted form, size 0.1–0.6 µm. The preferential
areas of nucleation of fullerenes are the interface boundaries between ferrite
and cementite in pearlite colonies.
Vladimir Nikitovich Antsiferov
Scientific Centre of
Powder Material Science at the Perm' State Technical University, Academician of
the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor,
Director of the Centre. Expert in the area of powder metallurgy and composite
materials.
Lev Mikhailovich Grevnov
Perm' State Technical
University, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. Expert in the area of
structural and phase transformation of powder materials.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
101–109, 2002
Kinetic
special features of sintering in the CaO–MgO system
The authors examine the process of selective recrystallisation in
sintering refractory substance of the CaO–MgO system. The relationship
between the degree of compacting and grain growth of the sintered substance is
theoretically substantiated and confirmed in practice. The experimental results
may be used in practice in the area of development of new types of refractories
and commercial ceramics.
Anton Vasil'evich Gropyanov
St. Peterburg Institute of
Refractories, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of the Scientific and
Research Centre. Expert in the area of theory and technology of
sintering.
Vasilii Mikhailovich Gropyanov
St. Peterburg Technical
University of Plant Polymers, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of
the Faculty. Expert in the area of tribology and technology of
sintering.
Journal of Advanced Materials 2002 9 (1)
110–114, 2002
Atomic
structure of ion-implanted alloys with a long-range order
The ordered alloys CuAu and Cu3Au, implanted with Ar+ ions with E = 20 keV
and D = 1012–1018 ion/cm2 at j = 100–200 /cm2, have been examined in
a field ion microscope. The results show that ion implantation results in the
formation of defects of various type, such as dis- ordered zones, individual
dislocations, dislocation clusters, complex defect systems, and also
segregation of copper atoms. The defects have been decoded and the dimensions
of the defects determined. It is promising to use ordered alloys for explaining
the mechanism of ion implantation.
N.N. Syutkin
Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division
of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ekaterinburg), Doctor of
Physico-Mathematical Sciences, Chief Scientist. Expert in aviation
microscopy.